Arrange in a country house, cottage, motel and store heating system, you can use different boilers: electric, gas, liquid and solid. The last units after a short pause are again popular, because they are effective. They do without external fuel supply pipelines, are predominantly independent of electricity, and work on virtually any solid fuel: wood, coal, coke, briquettes, pellets. Since the equipment is expensive, and its device is not the easiest, then when choosing you need to take into account the maximum of nuances - the article will help to avoid annoying mistakes that are fraught with household and financial consequences.
Content:
The best manufacturers of solid fuel boilers - which company to choose
The article provides information, based on which, you can correctly choose a solid fuel boiler. Readers, limited in time and not having the opportunity to read the material in full, are invited to proceed to the selection immediately.
The following are the best manufacturers of solid fuel boilers:
- Stropuva;
- Bosch;
- Buderus;
- ZOTA;
- Protherm.
To select a specific model, read rating of the best solid fuel boilers. More diligent readers are encouraged to gather useful information in full.
The principle of operation and the device of a solid fuel boiler
Solid fuel boiler - floor power unit of cylindrical or rectangular-parallelepiped shape. Designed for burning coal, firewood, briquettes, pellets and other similar materials in order to produce hot water for heating systems and (optionally) hot water.
In most cases consists of the following elements:
1. Fire chamber with a door;
2. Grate;
3. Ash pan with sash;
4. Water jacket;
5. Shutter;
6. Heat exchanger;
7. Chimney;
8. Damper;
9. Control block;
10. Protection system;
11. Inlet and outlet.
Having the same basic structure, the models differ to a greater or lesser degree depending on the species to which they belong.
The principle of operation of the boiler:
1. Manually or automatically loading fuel
2. The loaded fuel is ignited;
3. Fire from wood, coal or briquettes by means of a heat exchanger heats the coolant;
4. The obtained hot water is naturally or forcedly (using a pump) circulates in the heating system - with 2 circuits it is also supplied to the mixers;
5. Combustion products are discharged through the chimney.
In the case of the pyrolysis version, combustion occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen, as a result, gas is released, which is additionally burned in the secondary chamber. In the variant with the modification of long burning, burning does not occur from bottom to top, but from top to bottom, as a result, the process becomes longer, and firewood or briquettes are enclosed less often.
Types of solid fuel boilers
Classic solid fuel boilers
Modern classic units are an effective alternative to devices operating on other types of fuel, such as gas, which, unlike firewood, coal, coke and briquettes, cannot always be used due to the absence of a nearby main line.
In most parts, they are independent of electricity - they are loaded manually, operate in a natural circulation mode and have mechanical control.In some models, automatic loading is provided using feed bins — mainly for pellets, which are compressed wood pellets.
The units use several methods of temperature control:
1. With the help of the damper, which opens to pass the required amount of air;
2. With the help of cold water added to the feed;
3. With the help of hot liquid, available on return.
Benefits:
- non-volatility of many models;
- good performance - the average efficiency is about 80%;
- universality - in most cases;
- relatively high level of security;
- cheap fuel - depending on the region;
- easy operation.
Disadvantages:
- installation is possible only in a specially designated room;
- the need for a site for firewood, coal, briquettes;
- the need for regular maintenance, namely loading and cleaning;
- low comfort of use.
Such boilers are installed mainly in the countryside: in private houses, cottages, hotels, shops, warehouses.
Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers
The pyrolysis boiler, also called the gas generator, is an improved classical model.
It has 2 chambers connected by ceramic nozzles:
1. One is intended for firewood, which at a temperature of +200 ° C heat up, smolder and decompose into coal and volatile substance with CO in its composition;
2. The other is used to accept pyrolysis gas generated by thermal effects on wood.
The latter burns at a temperature of ≈ +1150 ° С - preliminary ignition occurs after air supply. As a result, 2 different fuels are extracted and used from conventional firewood - gas and charcoal, the total heat emission of which is much higher than that of the primary fuel.
During the operation of the pyrolysis unit, the humidity of firewood is necessarily taken into account - it should be no more than 20%.
Benefits:
- high efficiency - is ≈ 90%;
- increased interval between downloads;
- almost complete burnout and low ash content;
- efficiency of operation;
- compatibility with indirect heating boiler;
- possibility of automatic control, simplifying operation.
Disadvantages:
- the need for special facilities, a site for firewood and regular maintenance;
- dependence on power supply and humidity of logs;
- lack of stability when incomplete tab;
- high price.
Pyrolysis boilers have high power, in addition, they are expensive, so they are usually installed in suburban residential and commercial buildings with a considerable square.
Solid fuel boilers long burning
Among the competitors, the long-burning boiler called Stropuva, an innovative cylindrical unit with patented technology, is the most expressive and effective.
Firewood, briquettes or coal, laid in the furnace, are burned on the principle of a candle, and not a fire - from the top down, not from the bottom up. An essential role for the effectiveness of this method is played by an automatic valve - a thrust regulator, which expands or shrinks depending on the heating value.
In these units, there are practically no temperature fluctuations, as a result, excess heat is not dumped into the storage tanks due to its absence.
One laying of firewood weighing 50 kg is enough for uninterrupted heating of a room of 130 m2 for 30 hours. In addition, the fuel burns down almost to the remainder - after burning coal, cleaning is done weekly, in the case of logs, once every 14 days.
Benefits:
- non-volatility of many models;
- optimum efficiency - about 85%;
- long burning interval;
- no load effect on efficiency;
- economical use;
- convenience in operation.
Disadvantages:
- the need for maintenance, facilities and storage areas for fuel;
- inconvenient doors, regardless of model;
- high price.
Objects for the use of such devices - private households, as well as small commercial and household buildings. For large buildings and structures, the units are mounted in a cascade.
Parameters for selecting a solid fuel boiler
Efficiency
Capacity is valuable as a parameter only in relation to efficiency, and in this case it varies within wide limits and depends on the type of unit and the material of combustion.
1. With traditional devices, the efficiency is about 80%,
2. pyrolysis - about 90%,
3. long burning - about 85%.
Fuel view
Of great importance is the form of fuel, and it can be very diverse:
1. Coal;
2. Pellets;
3. Briquettes;
4. Firewood;
5. Coke;
6. Peat.
When burning fuel, ash is formed, which must be cleaned: from coal - every day; from wood - weekly; from briquette - monthly.
Heat exchanger material
Heat exchangers products are:
1. Cast iron;
2. Steel;
3. Copper.
Purpose
Devices are:
1. Single-circuit - designed exclusively for the heating system with the ability to connect an indirect heating boiler;
2. Dual circuit - designed for heating and hot water.
Dependence on electricity
Devices are also divided according to the criterion of dependence on electricity. Autonomous are considered models that operate without electronics, are loaded manually, and circulate water without a pump.
Fuel delivery method
Fuel supply is:
1. Manual;
2. Automatic.
In the case of an automatic fuel supply, a bunker is used, from which only small materials are loaded: pellets and coal. Logs are thrown into the furnace only with their hands.
Ignition
Ignition can be:
1. Auto;
2. Manual.
Which solid fuel boiler to choose
1. If it is possible to buy cheap, and firewood, and coal, and peat briquettes, purchased universal equipment.
2. With enough time to perform a regular download, you can choose the traditional model - it is less expensive and more reliable because of the simplicity of the design.
3. For large areas are well suited powerful expensive version: pyrolysis and long burning.
4. If the device will be used as an additional, it will be enough to have a steel heat exchanger - when work is foreseen for the whole season, preference is better to give cast iron.
5. With the plans of an additional device for hot water supply, you can choose a 2-loop device. In this case, it is possible to act in another way: to buy a set in the composition of a 1-loop boiler and a boiler for indirect heating.
How much is a solid fuel boiler
1. For gas stations at the highway - Bosch Solid 2000 B SFU 12: N = 13.5 kW; Efficiency 84%; classical; single circuit: open chamber; mechanical control; steel heat exchanger; coal, firewood, briquettes, coke. 45.7 ... 83.6 thousand rubles.
2. To give - ZOTA Carbon 20: N = 7 ... 20 kW; Efficiency 80%; classical; single circuit; open camera; mechanical control; steel heat exchanger; under coal and coal briquettes. 44.4 ... 50.3 thousand rubles.
3. For a country house - Buderus Logano S121-2-32: N = 32 kW; Efficiency of 78%; pyrolysis; single circuit; open camera; electronic control; steel heat exchanger; under firewood. 154.5 ... 269.0 thousand rubles.
4. For the store at the highway - Protherm Bober 50 DLO: N = 39 kW; Efficiency of 90%; classical; single circuit; open camera; mechanical control; cast iron heat exchanger; under firewood and coal. 86.4 ... 127.2 thousand rubles.
5. For the motel - Stropuva S40: N = 40 kW; Efficiency 85%; long burning; single circuit; open camera; mechanical control; steel heat exchanger; under firewood and wood briquettes. 96.1 ... 122.0 thousand rubles.
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